МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЛОШАДЕЙ ИЗ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ПАЗЫРЫКСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО АЛТАЯ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2020)4(32).-09Ключевые слова:
Северо-Западный Алтай, курган, пазырыкская культура, сопроводительные захоронения, лошади, морфологический анализАннотация
Результаты морфологического изучения остеологических остатков лошадей из пазырыкских памятников Северо-Западного Алтая свидетельствуют о высокой однородности таких животных по высоте в холке, тонконогости, размерам и пропорциям костей. В изученных курганах могильников Ханкаринский дол, Инской дол и Чинета-II были захоронены только жеребцы. По выявленным морфологическим признакам эти кони оказались близки к лошадям, обнаруженным в других исследованных пазырыкских погребальных комплексах. Но они заметно отличаются от лошадей из памятников предшествующего аржано-майэмирского времени, исследованных в Саянских горах, а также из захоронений булан-кобинской культуры Алтая хуннуско-сяньбийско-жужанского периода. Отмечаются особенности изученных пазырыкских лошадей Северо-Западного Алтая, что проявляется в более высокой доле молодых животных и в отсутствии особей выше 144 см в холке. Зафиксированные морфологические показатели позволяют рассматривать общие и локальные характеристики изучаемых древних животных.
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Библиографические ссылки
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Dashkovskij P.K. Radiouglerodnoe i arheologicheskoe datirovanie pogrebeniya skifskogo vremeni na mogil’nike Chineta-II (Altaj) [Radiocarbon Dating and Archaeological Dating of the Scythian Burial at the Chineta-2 Burial Ground (Altai)]. Narody i religii Evrazii [Peoples and Religions of Eurasia]. 2018. №2 (15). Pp. 9–23.
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Lukerina Ya.E. Loshadi iz pamyatnika Stepushka-2 v Gornom Altae [Horses from the Stepushka-2 Site in the Altai Nountains]. Soenov V.I., Konstantinov N.A., Trifonova S.V. Mogil’nik Stepushka-2 v Central’nom Altae .Elektronnyj resurs [Soenov V.I., Konstantinov N.A., Trifonova S.V. Burial Ground Stepushka-2 in Central Altai: Electronic Resource]. Gorno-Altajsk : BIC GAGU, 2018. Pp. 150–153.
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Plasteeva N.A., Tishkin A.A., Sablin M.V. Loshadi iz Bol’shogo Katandinskogo kurgana (Altaj) [Horses from the Great Katandinsky Kurgan (Altai)]. Sovremennye resheniya aktual’nyh problem evrazijskoj arheologii [Modern Solutions to Pressing Problems of Eurasian Archaeology]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2018. Vyp. 2. Pp. 107–109.
Tishkin A.A., Dashkovskij P.K. Social’naya struktura i sistema mirovozzrenij naseleniya Altaya skifskoj epohi [Social Structure and the System of Worldv Views of the Altai Population of the Scythian Era]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2003. 430 p.
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Eisenmann V., Alberdi M.T., De Giuli C., Staesche U. Studying Fossil Horses. V. 1. E.J. Brill. Leiden, New York, København, Köln, 1988. 71 p.
Silver I.A. The Ageing of Domestic Animals. Science in Archaeology: a Survey of Progress and Research. New-York, 1969. Pp. 283–302.
Brauner A.A. Materialy k poznaniyu domashnih zhivotnyh Rossii. I. Loshad’ kurgannyh pogrebenij Tiraspol’skogo uezda Hersonskoj gubernii [Materials for the Study of Domestic Animals in Russia. I. Horse of Burial Mounds in the Tiraspol District of the Kherson Province]. Zapiski Obshchestva sel’skogo hozyajstva Yuzhnoj Rossii [Notes of the Agricultural Society of Southern Russia]. Odessa, 1916. Vol. 86, Book 1. 184 p.
Vasil’ev S.K., Grebnev I.E. Osteologicheskaya harakteristika loshadej iz kurganov Bertekskoj doliny [Osteological Characteristics of Horses from the Mounds of the Bertek Valley]. Drevnie kul’tury Bertekskoj doliny (Gornyj Altaj, ploskogor’e Ukok) / A.P. Derevyanko, V.I. Molodin, D.G. Savinov i dr. [Ancient Cultures of the Bertek Valley (Mountain Altai, Ukok Plateau) / A.P. Derevianko, V.I. Molodin, D.G. Savinov and Others]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1994. Pp. 183–186.
Vitt V.O. Loshadi Pazyrykskih kurganov [Horses of the Pazyryk Mounds]. Sovetskaya arheologiya [Soviet Archaeology]. 1952. Issue XVI. Pp. 163–205.
Grebnev I.E., Vasil’ev S.K. Loshadi iz pamyatnikov pazyrykskoj kul’tury YUzhnogo Altaya [Horses from the Pazyryk Culture Sites of Southern Altai]. Polos’mak N.V. Steregushchie zoloto grify (ak-alahinskie kurgany) [Polosmak N.V. Vultures Guarding Gold (Ak-Alakhin Barrows)]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1994. Pp. 106–111.
Gryaznov M.P. Arzhan – carskij kurgan ranneskifskogo vremeni [Arzhan – Tsarsky Mound of the Early Scythian time]. L. : Nauka, 1980. 64 p.
Dashkovskij P.K. Izuchenie kurganov skifskoj epohi na mogil’nike Chineta-II (Severo-Zapadnyj Altaj) [The Study of Mounds of the Scythian Era at the Chineta-2 Burial Ground (Northwestern Altai)]. Izvestiya
Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Altai State University]. 2017. №2 (94). Pp. 226 233.
Dashkovskij P.K. Issledovanie kurgana rannego etapa pazyrykskoj kul’tury na mogil’nike Hankarinskij dol v Severo-Zapadnom Altae: hronologiya i atributaciya artefaktov [Investigation of the Burial Mound of the Early Stage of the Pazyryk Culture at the Khankarinsky Dol Burial Ground in North-Western Altai: Chronology and Attribution of Artifacts]. Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2020. №1. Pp. 91–100.
Dashkovskij P.K. Mogil’nik pazyrykskoj kul’tury Hankarinskij dol na Altae: harakteristika pogrebal’nogo obryada i osnovnye napravleniya mezhdisciplinarnyh issledovanij [Burial Ground of the Pazyryk Culture Khankarinsky Dol in Altai: Characteristics of the Funeral Rite and the Main Directions of Interdisciplinary Research]. Mirovozzrenie naseleniya Yuzhnoj Sibiri i Central’noj Azii v istoricheskoj retrospective [Worldview of the Population of South Siberia and Central Asia in Historical Retrospective]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2016. Issue 9. Pp. 42–66.
Dashkovskij P.K. Radiouglerodnoe i arheologicheskoe datirovanie pogrebeniya skifskogo vremeni na mogil’nike Chineta-II (Altaj) [Radiocarbon Dating and Archaeological Dating of the Scythian Burial at the Chineta-2 Burial Ground (Altai)]. Narody i religii Evrazii [Peoples and Religions of Eurasia]. 2018. №2 (15). Pp. 9–23.
Dashkovskij P.K., Ozhiganov A.N. Zavershenie raskopok kurganov skifskoj epohi na mogil’nike Inskoj dol [Completion of Excavations of Mounds of the Scythian Era at the Inskoy Dol Burial Ground]. Sohranenie i izuchenie kul’turnogo naslediya Altajskogo kraya [Preservation and Study of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Territory]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2018. Issue XXIV. Pp. 83–88.
Dashkovskij P.K., Plasteeva N.A., Tishkin A.A. Loshadi pazyrykskoj kul’tury iz pamyatnikov Severo- Zapadnogo Altaya [Horses of the Pazyryk Culture from the Sites of Northwestern Altai]. Kochevye imperii Evrazii v svete arheologicheskih i mezhdisciplinarnyh issledovanij [The Nomadic Empires of Eurasia in the Light of Archaeological and Interdisciplinary Research]. Ulan-Ude : Izd-vo BNC SO RAN, 2019. Pp. 24–28.
Dashkovskij P.K., Tishkin A.A., Tur S.S. Vtorichnye pogrebeniya v kurganah skifskogo vremeni na pamyatnike Hankarinskij dol [Secondary Burials in the Mounds of the Scythian Time at the Khankarinsky Dol Site]. Zapadnaya I Yuzhnaya Sibir’ v drevnosti [Western and Southern Siberia in Antiquity]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2005. Pp. 62–68.
Kosincev P.A., Samashev Z.S. Berelskie loshadi. Morfologicheskoe issledovanie [Berel Horses. Morphological Research]. Astana : Izdat. gruppa fil. Instituta arheologii, 2014. 368 p.
Lukerina Ya.E. Loshadi iz pamyatnika Stepushka-2 v Gornom Altae [Horses from the Stepushka-2 Site in the Altai Nountains]. Soenov V.I., Konstantinov N.A., Trifonova S.V. Mogil’nik Stepushka-2 v Central’nom Altae .Elektronnyj resurs [Soenov V.I., Konstantinov N.A., Trifonova S.V. Burial Ground Stepushka-2 in Central Altai: Electronic Resource]. Gorno-Altajsk : BIC GAGU, 2018. Pp. 150–153.
Plasteeva N.A., Tishkin A.A. Loshadi iz kurgannoj gruppy Stepushka-I [Horses From the Stepushka-1 Barrow Group]. Tishkin A.A., Matrenin S.S., Shmidt A.V. Altaj v syan’bijsko-zhuzhanskoe vremya (po materialam pamyatnika Stepushka) [A.A. Tishkin, S.S. Matrenin, A.V. Schmidt. Altai in the Xianbei-Rouran Time (Based on Materials from the Stepushka Site)]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2018. Pp. 357–364.
Plasteeva N.A., Tishkin A.A., Sablin M.V. Loshadi iz Bol’shogo Katandinskogo kurgana (Altaj) [Horses from the Great Katandinsky Kurgan (Altai)]. Sovremennye resheniya aktual’nyh problem evrazijskoj arheologii [Modern Solutions to Pressing Problems of Eurasian Archaeology]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2018. Vyp. 2. Pp. 107–109.
Tishkin A.A., Dashkovskij P.K. Social’naya struktura i sistema mirovozzrenij naseleniya Altaya skifskoj epohi [Social Structure and the System of Worldv Views of the Altai Population of the Scythian Era]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2003. 430 p.
Chugunov K.V., Parcinger G., Nagler A. Skifskij kurgan Arzhan-2 v Tuve [Scythian Burial Mound Arzhan-2 in Tuva]. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo In-ta arheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 2017. 500 s.
Eisenmann V., Alberdi M.T., De Giuli C., Staesche U. Studying Fossil Horses. V. 1. E.J. Brill. Leiden, New York, København, Köln, 1988. 71 p.
Silver I.A. The Ageing of Domestic Animals. Science in Archaeology: a Survey of Progress and Research. New-York, 1969. Pp. 283–302.
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2020-12-25
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ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЕСТЕСТВЕННО-НАУЧНЫХ МЕТОДОВ В АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
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МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЛОШАДЕЙ ИЗ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ПАЗЫРЫКСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО АЛТАЯ. (2020). Теория и практика археологических исследований, 32(4), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2020)4(32).-09
