Сложносоставные луки населения Алтая жужанского времени (по материалам некрополя Чобурак-I)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-07Ключевые слова:
Алтай, булан-кобинская культура, сяньбийско-жужанское время, оружие, лук, костяные (роговые) накладки, хронологияАннотация
Статья посвящена введению в научный оборот и анализу сложносоставных луков населения Алтая жужанского времени, обнаруженных в погребениях булан-кобинской культуры погребально-поминального комплекса Чобурак-I. Серия объектов данного памятника, расположенного близ с. Еланда Чемальского района Республики Алтай, исследована археологической экспедицией Алтайского государственного университета. Авторами систематизированы костяные (роговые) накладки луков из погребений семи мужчин (курганы №30, 30а, 31, 31а, 32, 34а, 38) и одного подростка (курган №29а). Сравнительное исследование имеющихся материалов предоставляет основания для отнесения этих изделий ко II–V вв. н.э. Отмечено значительное сходство конструкции и формы костяных (роговых) деталей публикуемых образцов ручного метательного оружия. Полученные археологические данные демонстрируют использование «булан-кобинцами» длинных луков с симметричной и асимметричной кибитью, усиленных семью накладками. Изучение зафиксированных in situ предметов свидетельствует о существовании у населения Алтая в сяньбийско-жужанское время практики помещения в захоронения «неполных» (сломанных) луков либо образцов с разобранными накладными элементами. Представленные материалы расширяют источниковую базу для комплексного изучения наступательного оружия дальнего боя населения региона на рубеже поздней древности и раннего Средневековья.
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Библиографические ссылки
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Hudyakov Yu.S. The Armament of Medieval Nomads of South Siberia and Central Asia. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1986. 268 p. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. The Armament of the Nomads of Gorny Altai of the Xiongnu Period (based on materials from the excavations of the Ust-Edigan burial ground). Izvestija laboratorii arheologii = News of the Laboratory of Archaeology. Gorno-Altajsk : GAGU, 1997. №2. Pp. 28–37. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Weapons from the Ulug-Choltukh Sonument in the Alta Moutains. Materialy po voennoj arheologii Altaja i sopredel’nyh territorij = Materials on Military Archaeology of Altai and Adjacent Territories. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2002. Pp. 79–87. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Comparative Analysis of Remote Combat Weapons of the Ancient Nomads of the Xiongnu-Xianbei Time in the Valley of the r. Edigan in the Altai Mountains. Drevnosti Sibiri i Central’noj Azii = Antiquities of Siberia and Central Asia. Gorno-Altajsk : GAGU, 2014. №7 (19). Pp. 141–153. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. The Experience of Systematization of Weapons of Distance Combat from the the Ayrydash type Sites of the Xiongnu-Xianbei Time in the Altai Mountains. Vestnik NGU. Ser.: Istorija, filologija = NSU Bulletin. Ser .: History, Philology. 2016a;15(5):20–30. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Comparative Analysis of the Offensive Weapons of the Cultures of the Xiongnu- Xianbei Period in the Altai and Tien Shan. Vestnik NGU. Serija Istorija i filologij= NSU Bulletin. Ser .: History, Philology. 2016b;15(7): Archaeology and Ethnography.:74–78. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Composite Bows from the Ulug-Choltukh Site in the Edigan River Valley in the Altai Mountains (according to the results of excavations in 2008). Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij = Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij = Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research.2018;3:130–137. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S., Borisenko A.Yu. The Typical Features of Composite Bows from the Ayrydash Type Site Ulug-Choltukh in the Altai Mountains. Vestnik NGU. Serija Istorija i filologija. 2020;19(5):Arheologija i jetnografija = NSU Bulletin. Series History and Philology. 2020. Vol. 19, No. 5: Archaeology and Ethnography:130–137. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S., Moroz M.V. Collection of Weapons from the Ust-Edigan burial ground. Arheologicheskie issledovanija na Katuni = Archaeological Research on the Katun. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1990. Pp. 177–184. (In Russ.)
Ebel’ A.V. Armament and Military Affairs of the Population of the Altai Mountains in the Xiongnu-Sarmatian Time: Synopsis of the Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 1998. 23 p. (In Russ.)
Erdenebaatar D., Turbat C., Hudyakov Yu.S. Xiongnu Remote Combat Weapons from the Egin-Gol Burial Ground in Northern Mongolia. Vestnik NGU = Vestnik NGU. 2003;2(3):43–53. (In Russ.)
Yaremchuk O.A. Burial Ground Zorgol-I - a Site of the Xiongnu-Xianbei Time of Steppe Dauria: Dis. ... Cand. Hst. Sciences: Dis. … Cand. Hist. Sciences. Chita, 2005. 296 p. (In Russ.)
Kenk R. Das Gräberfeld der hunno-sarmatische Zeit von Kokel‘, Tuva, Süd-Sibirien. AVA-Materialien. München : Verlag C.H. Beck, 1984. Band 25. 202 s. (In German.)
Gorbunov V.V. Military Affairs of the Medieval Population of Altai (the 3rd–14th centuries AD): Synopsis of the Dis. ... Dr. Hist. Sciences. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2006a. 55 p. (In Russ.)
Gorbunov V.V. Military Affairs of the Altai Population in the 3rd–14th Centuries. Part II: Offensive Weapons (Weapons). Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2006b. 232 p. (In Russ.)
Gorbunov V.V. The Main Stages in the Development of Military Affairs among the Nomads of Altai Mountains in the 2nd Century. BC. – 5th Centur. AD. Problemy sarmatskoj arheologii i istorii. Vooruzhenie sarmatov: regional’naja tipologija i hronologija = Problems of Sarmatian Archaeology and History. Armament of the Sarmatians: Regional Typology and Chronology. Chelyabinsk : Izd-vo YuUrGU, 2007. Pp. 157–163. (In Russ.)
Gorbunov V.V., Tishkin A.A. Armament Complex for the Nomads of the Altai Mountains of the Xiongnu Period. Arheologija, jetnografija i antropologija Evrazii = Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia. 2006; 4: Pp. 79–85. (In Russ.)
Konovalov P.B. Xiungnu in Transbaikalia (burial sites). Ulan-Ude : Buryat. kn. izd-vo, 1976. 221 s. (In Russ.)
Malashev Yu.V., Yablonskij L.T. Steppe Population of the Southern Urals in the Late Sarmatian Time: Based on the Materials from the Pokrovka-10 Burial Ground. M. : Vostochnaya literatura, 2008. 365 p. (In Russ.)
Mamadakov Yu.T. The Culture of the Population of Central Altai in the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD: Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences. Novosibirsk, 1990. 317 p. (In Russ.)
Nikolaev N.N. The Culture of the Population of Tuva in the 1st Half of the 1st Millennium AD: Synopsis of the Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences. SPb. : In-t istorii mat. kul’tury RAN, 2001. 26 p. (In Russ.)
Seregin N.N., Matrenin S.S. Social History of the Altai Population in the Time of the Nomadic Empires (the 2nd century BC – 14th Century AD): Based on the Materials from Archaeological Complexes. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2020. 268 p. (In Russ.)
Soenov V.I. Disturbed Military Burial at the Verkh-Uimon Burial Ground. Drevnosti Sibiri i Central’noj Azii = Antiquities of Siberia and Central Asia. Gorno-Altajsk : GAGU, 2017. №8 (20). Pp. 117–142. (In Russ.)
Teterin Yu.V. Armament of the Nomads of the Altai Mountains of the Berel Timera. Voennoe delo narodov Sibiri i Central’noj Azii = Military Affairs of the Peoples of Siberia and Central Asia. Novosibirsk : Novosib. un-t, 2004. Pp. 37–82. (In Russ.)
Tishkin A.A., Gorbunov V.V. A Complex of Weapons of “The Time of the Great Nations Migration” from Mountanious Altai (based on materials from the Yaloman-II burial ground). Vooruzhenie sarmatov: regional’naja tipologija i hronologija = Armament of the Sarmatians: Regional Typology and Chronology. Chelyabinsk : Izd-vo YuUrGU, 2007. C. 164–172. (In Russ.)
Tishkin A.A., Gorbunov V.V. Altai in Xianbei Time: Cultural-Chronological Analysis of Archaeological Materials. Rossijskaya arheologiya = Russian Archaeology. 2020;3:33–46. (In Russ.)
Tishkin A.A., Matrenin S.S., Gorbunov V.V. Bulan-Kobinskaya Culture. Istorija Altaja. T. 1: Drevnejshaja jepoha, drevnost’ i srednevekov’e = Altai History. Vol. 1: The Oldest Era, Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta; Belgorod : Konstanta, 2019. Pp. 286–308. (In Russ.)
Tishkin A.A., Matrenin S.S., Shmidt A.V. Altai in the Xianbei-Rouran Time (based on materials from the Stepushka monument). Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2018. 368 p. (Archaeological Sites of Altai. Issue 3).). (In Russ.)
Toprak-Kala. The Castle.M. : Nauka, 1984. 304 p. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. The Armament of Medieval Nomads of South Siberia and Central Asia. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1986. 268 p. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. The Armament of the Nomads of Gorny Altai of the Xiongnu Period (based on materials from the excavations of the Ust-Edigan burial ground). Izvestija laboratorii arheologii = News of the Laboratory of Archaeology. Gorno-Altajsk : GAGU, 1997. №2. Pp. 28–37. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Weapons from the Ulug-Choltukh Sonument in the Alta Moutains. Materialy po voennoj arheologii Altaja i sopredel’nyh territorij = Materials on Military Archaeology of Altai and Adjacent Territories. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2002. Pp. 79–87. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Comparative Analysis of Remote Combat Weapons of the Ancient Nomads of the Xiongnu-Xianbei Time in the Valley of the r. Edigan in the Altai Mountains. Drevnosti Sibiri i Central’noj Azii = Antiquities of Siberia and Central Asia. Gorno-Altajsk : GAGU, 2014. №7 (19). Pp. 141–153. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. The Experience of Systematization of Weapons of Distance Combat from the the Ayrydash type Sites of the Xiongnu-Xianbei Time in the Altai Mountains. Vestnik NGU. Ser.: Istorija, filologija = NSU Bulletin. Ser .: History, Philology. 2016a;15(5):20–30. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Comparative Analysis of the Offensive Weapons of the Cultures of the Xiongnu- Xianbei Period in the Altai and Tien Shan. Vestnik NGU. Serija Istorija i filologij= NSU Bulletin. Ser .: History, Philology. 2016b;15(7): Archaeology and Ethnography.:74–78. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S. Composite Bows from the Ulug-Choltukh Site in the Edigan River Valley in the Altai Mountains (according to the results of excavations in 2008). Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij = Teorija i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij = Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research.2018;3:130–137. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S., Borisenko A.Yu. The Typical Features of Composite Bows from the Ayrydash Type Site Ulug-Choltukh in the Altai Mountains. Vestnik NGU. Serija Istorija i filologija. 2020;19(5):Arheologija i jetnografija = NSU Bulletin. Series History and Philology. 2020. Vol. 19, No. 5: Archaeology and Ethnography:130–137. (In Russ.)
Hudyakov Yu.S., Moroz M.V. Collection of Weapons from the Ust-Edigan burial ground. Arheologicheskie issledovanija na Katuni = Archaeological Research on the Katun. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1990. Pp. 177–184. (In Russ.)
Ebel’ A.V. Armament and Military Affairs of the Population of the Altai Mountains in the Xiongnu-Sarmatian Time: Synopsis of the Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 1998. 23 p. (In Russ.)
Erdenebaatar D., Turbat C., Hudyakov Yu.S. Xiongnu Remote Combat Weapons from the Egin-Gol Burial Ground in Northern Mongolia. Vestnik NGU = Vestnik NGU. 2003;2(3):43–53. (In Russ.)
Yaremchuk O.A. Burial Ground Zorgol-I - a Site of the Xiongnu-Xianbei Time of Steppe Dauria: Dis. ... Cand. Hst. Sciences: Dis. … Cand. Hist. Sciences. Chita, 2005. 296 p. (In Russ.)
Kenk R. Das Gräberfeld der hunno-sarmatische Zeit von Kokel‘, Tuva, Süd-Sibirien. AVA-Materialien. München : Verlag C.H. Beck, 1984. Band 25. 202 s. (In German.)
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Опубликован
2021-12-18
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РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ МАТЕРИАЛОВ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
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Сложносоставные луки населения Алтая жужанского времени (по материалам некрополя Чобурак-I). (2021). Теория и практика археологических исследований, 33(4), 114-131. https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-07
