BONE RETOUCHERS IN THE MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC COMPLEXES OF CHAGYRSKAYA CAVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2016)4(16).-03Keywords:
Altai Mountains, Middle Paleolithic, bone retouchers, bone industryAbstract
The article discusses the results of a new phase of Chagyrskaya cave investigation in which bone retouchers in Middle Paleolithic context were found. Until now bone retouchers have not been documented for the Middle Paleolithic industries of the Russian Altai Mountains. Bone tools and decorations of nonutilitarian purpose repeatedly were documented in the Upper Paleolithic and transitional industries of the studied region (Denisov cave, Kara-Bom). For the territory of the Russian Altai Mountains the Middle Paleolithic bone retouchers have been described for the first time. In Micoquan complexes of the Crimea and Northern Caucasus which demonstrate a significant degree of technical and typological similarities with assemblages of the Chagyrskaya cave bone retouchers are common and numerous finds. This fact greatly expands the range of the Neanderthal population’s tool kits of the Russian Altai Mountains, and in general makes us reconsider our understanding of the technological knowledge level of these populations.
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References
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2. Vasil’ev S.K. Fauna krupnykh mlekopitayushchikh iz pleystotsenovykh otlozheniy Chagyrskoy peshchery (severo-zapadnyy Altay) po materialam raskopok 2007–2011 godov [The Fauna of Large Mammals of the Pleistocene Deposits from Chagyrskaya Cave (north-western Altai) Based on Excavations of 2007–2011]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia. 2013. 2013. №1 (53). Pp. 28–44 [In Russian]. Васильев С.К. Фауна крупных млекопитающих из плейстоценовых отложений Чагырской пещеры (Северо-Западный Алтай) по материалам раскопок 2007-2011 годов // Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии. 2013. №1 (53). С. 28-44.
3. Gvozdover M.D., Formozov A.A. Ispol’zovanie kosti v must’erskoy stoyanke Starosel’e v Krymu [The Use of Bones at the Mousterian Site ‘Staroselie’ in the Crimea]. Archeologicke Rozhledy. Praha, 1960. Vol. XII (3). Pp. 390–403. [In Russian]. Гвоздовер М.Д., Формозов А.А. Использование кости в мустьерской стоянке Староселье в Крыму // Archeologicke Rozhledy. Vol. XII (3). Praha, 1960. S. 390-403.
4. Derevyanko A.P., Markin S.V. Struktura, sostav i osobennosti tekhnokompleksov sibiryachikhinskogo varianta srednego paleolita Altaya [The Structure, Composition and Characteristics of the Technocomplex of the Sibiryachihinsk Option of the Middle Paleolithic of Altai]. Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel’nykh territoriy : materialy Godovoy sessii IAET SO RAN, 2012 g. [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Adjacent Territories: Materials Annual Session of IAE SB RAS, 2012. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo In-ta arkheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 2012. Vol. XVIII. Pp. 55–58 [In Russian]. Деревянко А.П., Маркин С.В. Структура, состав и особенности технокомплексов сибирячихинского варианта среднего палеолита Алтая // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. Т XVIII. Новосибирск : Изд-во Ин-та археологии и этнографии СО РАН, 2012. С. 55-58.
5. Prirodnaya sreda i chelovek v paleolite Gornogo Altaya [The Natural Environment and the Man in the Paleolithic of the Altai Mountains] A.P. Derevyanko, M.V. Shun’kov, A.K. Agadzhanyan, G.F. Baryshnikov, E.M. Malaeva, V.A. Ul’yanov, N.A. Kulik, A.V. Postnov, A.A. Anoykin. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo In-ta arkheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 2003. 448 p. [In Russian]. Природная среда и человек в палеолите Горного Алтая / А.П. Деревянко, М.В. Шуньков, А.К. Агаджанян, Г.Ф. Барышников, Е.М. Малаева, В.А. Ульянов, Н.А. Кулик, А.В. Постнов, А.А. Анойкин. Новосибирск : Изд-во Ин-та археологии и этнографии СО РАН, 2003. 448 с.
6. Filippov A.K., Lyubin V.P. Kostyanye retushery iz must’erskogo sloya i prostranstvennoe rasprostranenie kul’turnykh ostatkov [Bone Retouchers from Mousterian Layer and Spatial Distribution of Cultural Remains]. Neandertal’tsy Guppskogo ushchel’ya na Severnom Kavkaze [Neanderthals of the Guppskoye Gorge in the North Caucasus]. Ed. V.P. Lyubina. Maykop : Meoty, 1994. Pp. 142–147 [In Russian]. Филиппов А.К., Любин В.П. Костяные ретушеры из мустьерского слоя и пространственное распространение культурных остатков // Неандертальцы Гуппского ущелья на Северном Кавказе / под ред. В.П. Любина. Майкоп : Меоты, 1994. С. 142-147.
7. Chabai V.P. Chokurcha I, Unit IV: Artifacts // The Paleolithic of Crimea. The Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic of Eastern Crime. Vol. 3 / еd.: V. Chabai, K. Monigal, A. Marks. Études et Recherches Archéologiques de L’Université de Liège. 2004. No 104. Pp. 377–416.
8. Chabai V.P. Kabazi II, Units V and VI: Artefacts // Kabazi II: the Last Interglacial Environment & Subsistence. The Palaeolithic Sites of Crimea. Vol. 1 / еd.: V. Chabai, J. Richter, Th. Uthmeier. Simferopol ; Cologne, 2005. Pp. 99–132 [In Russian]. Chabai V.P. Kabazi II, Units V and VI: artefacts // Kabazi II: the Last Interglacial Environment & Subsistence. The Palaeolithic Sites of Crimea. Vol. 1 / еd.: V Chabai, J. Richter, Th. Uthmeier. Simferopol ; Cologne, 2005. P. 99-132.
9. Derevianko A.P., Markin S.V., Shunkov M.V. The Sibiryachikha Facies of the Middle Paleolithic of Altai // Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia. 2013. Vol. 41, No. 1. Pp. 89–103.
10. Khlopachev G.A. Bone Retouchers from the Upper Llayer of Kiik-Koba Grotto // Kiik-Koba Grotto, Crimea (Ukraine). Re-analysis of a Key Site of the Crimean Micoquian / еd.: Yu.E. Demidenko, Th. Uthmeier. Kölner Studienzur Prähistorischen Archäologie. Bd. 3. Verlag Marie Leidorf Gmb H. 2013. Pp. 161–163.
11. Mallye J-B., Thiébaut C., Mourre V., Costamagno S. The Mousterian Bone Retouchers of Noisetier Cave: Experimentation and Identification of Marks // Journal of Archaeological Science. 2012. Vol. 39. Рp. 1131–1142.
12. Moigne A.-M., Moncel M.-H., Valensi P., Auguste P., García-Solano J., Tuffreau A., Lamotte A., Barroso C. Bone Retouchers from Lower Palaeolithic sites: Terra Amata, Orgnac 3, Cagny-l’Epinette and Cueva del Angel // Quaternary International. 2011. Vol. 60. Рp. 145–157 Verna C., d’Errico F. The earliest evidence for the use of human bone as a tool // Journal of Human Evolution. 2011. Vol. 60. Р. 145-157.
13. Veselsky A.P. Kabazi-V: Bone and Stone Tools Used in Flint Knapping // Kabazi V: Interstratification of Micoquian & Levallois - Mousterian Camp Sites. Simferopol ; Cologne, 2008. P. 427-452.
14. Viola B.Th., Markin S.V, Buzhilova A.P., Mednikova M.B., Dobrovolskaya M.V, Le Cabec A., Shunkov M.V, Derevianko A.P., Hublen J.-J. New Neanderthal remains from Chagyrskaya Cave (Altai Mountains, Russian Federation) // American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2012. Vol. 147. Suppl. 54. P. 293-294.
15. Yevtushenko A.I. Kabazi V: Assemblages from selected levels // The Paleolithic of Crimea. The Middle Paleolithic of Western Crimea, vol. 1 / еd.: A. Marks, V Chabai. Etudes et Recherches Archeologiques de L’Universite de Liege. 1998. No 84. P. 287-322.
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BONE RETOUCHERS IN THE MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC COMPLEXES OF CHAGYRSKAYA CAVE. (2017). THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 16(4), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2016)4(16).-03
