SMALL-BLADE PRODUCTION IN THE INITIAL AND EARLY UPPER PALEOLITHIC OF NORTHERN MONGOLIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2018)3(23).-08Keywords:
Mongolia, Mountain Altai, Initial Upper Paleolithic, knapping technology, small blade productionAbstract
A cluster of archaeological localities situated in the Tolbor River Valley of the Middle Selenga Basin of northern Mongolia comprises complexes representing a cultural sequence from the Initial to Final Upper Paleolithic (UP). Initial UP assemblages from the Tolbor-4, Tolbor-21 and Tolbor-16 localities include lithic industries generally characteristic of the Central Asian – southern Siberian UP area. Initial UP lithic
technology is represented by large, sometimes pointed, bidirectional blade production from subprismatic cores and with a minor Levallois component. There is evidence of small-blade production from specially prepared burin-cores and scarce narrow-faced, subprismatic pyramidal and carinated cores presented in the assemblages from Horizons 6-5 at Tolbor 4 and dated to 37 kya. Bladelets comprise 5% of unretouched blanks. Another Initial UP complex, discovered in an adjacent valley, is the Kharganyn Gol 5 site dated to 38–33 kya and including both subprismatic and narrow-faced cores for small-blade production; bladelets account for 10% of all blanks here. Early UP complexes dating to 34–26 kya continue to reflect this tradition of small-blade production from narrow-faced and subprismatic cores, including pyramidal nuclei, as can be seen at the Tolbor 4, 16 and 15 sites. At Tolbor 15, bladelet production plays a significant role; such blanks, combined with microblades, produced by percussion, comprise 12.7% of the blanks recovered. Smallblade production, using direct percussion by means of a relatively soft or soft hammer, leaves no particular characteristic traces that might allow it to be associated with the emergence of pressure microflaking. Small-blade production is a common feature of Initial UP complexes in Central Asia and southern Siberia, a tradition appearing at this time and developing in the next stages of the Paleolithic.
Downloads
References
Belousova N.E., Rybin E.P. Novaya skhema kul’turno-stratigraficheskogo chleneniya ranneverhnepaleoliticheskih otlozhenij stoyanki Kara-Bom (na osnove prostranstvennogo analiza i dannyh remontazha) [New Updates to Stratigraphic Partition of Early Upper Paleolithic Sequence of Kara-Bom Site (spatial analyzes and refitting studies)]. Vestn. Novosib. gos. un-ta. Ser. : Historyiya, Philologiya. 2013. T. 12. Vyp. 7. Pp. 64–76 [In Russian]. Белоусова Н.Е., Рыбин Е.П. Новая схема культурно-стратиграфического членения ранневерхнепалеолитических отложений стоянки Кара-Бом (на основе пространственного анализа и данных ремонтажа) // Вестн. Новосиб. гос. ун-та. Серия: История, филология, 2013. Т. 12. Вып. 7: Археология и этнография. С. 64–76.
Gladyshev S.А., Tabarev А.V. Mikroplastinchatoe rasshheplenie v rannem verkhnem paleolite Mongolii // Stratum Plus: Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology. 2018. №1. S. 339–351 [In Russian]. Гладышев С.А., Табарев А.В. Микропластинчатое расщепление в раннем верхнем палеолите Монголии // Stratum Plus: Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology. 2018. №1. С. 339–351.
Kolobova K.A., Krivoshapkin A.I., Derevianko A.P., Islamov U.I., Pavlenok K.K. Melkoplastinchataya tradiciya v verhnem paleolite Srednej Azii: stoyanka Dodekatym-2 (Uzbekistan) [Small Blade Production in the Upper Paleolithic of Middle Asia: the Dodekatym 2 Site (Uzbekistan)]. Stratum Plus. Kul’turnaya antropologiya i arheologiya. 2011. №1. Pp. 275–300 [In Russian]. Колобова К. А., Кривошапкин А. И., Деревянко А. П., Исламов У. И., Павленок К.К. Мелкопластинчатая традиция в верхнем палеолите Средней Азии: стоянка Додекатым-2 (Узбекистан) // Stratum Plus. Культурная антропология и археология. Санкт-Петербург; Кишинев; Одесса; Бухарест. 2011. № 1. С. 275–300.
Lisitsyn N.F. Srednij etap pozdnego paleolita Sibiri [Late Stage of Siberian Paleolithic]. Rossijskaya arheologiya, 1996. №4. Pp. 5–17 [In Russian]. Лисицын Н.Ф. Средний этап позднего палеолита Сибири // Российская археология. 1996. №4. С. 5–17.
Lisitsyn N.F. Pozdnij paleolit Chulymo-Enisejskogo mezhdurech’ya [Late Paleolithic of Chulym-Enisej Interfluve]. Trudy IIMK RAN [Proceedings of the IIMK RAN]. Sankt-Petersburg : Peterb. vostokovedenie, 2000. Vol. 2. 230 p. [In Russian]. Лисицын Н. Ф. Поздний палеолит Чулымо-Енисейского междуречья // Тр. ИИМК РАН. T. 2. СПб. : Петерб. востоковедение, 2000. 230 с.
Rybin E.P., Khatsenovich A.M., Zwins N., Gunchinsurehn B., Paine С., Bolorbat Ts., Anoikin A.A., Kharevich V.M., Odsuren D., Margad-Erdene G. Stratigrafiya i kul’turnaya posledovatel’nost’ stoyanki Tolbor-21 (Severnaya Mongoliya): itogi rabot 2014–2016 godov i dal’nejshie perspektivy issledovanij [Stratigraphy and Cultural Sequence of the Tolbor 21 Site (Northern Mongolia): the Results of the 2014–2016 Excavation Campaigns and Perspectives of Further Investigations]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2017. T. 15. №4 (20). Pp. 158–168 [In Russian]. Рыбин Е.П., Хаценович А.М., Звинс Н., Гунчинсурэн Б., Пэйн, К., Болорбат Ц., Анойкин А.А., Харевич В.М., Одсурен Д., Маргад-Эрдэнэ Г. Стратиграфия и культурная последовательность стоянки Толбор-21 (Северная Монголия): итоги работ 2014-2016 годов и дальнейшие перспективы исследований // Теория и практика археологических исследований. 2017. Т. 15. № 4 (20). С. 158–168.
Rybin E.P., Khatsenovich A.M., Gunchinsurehn B., Paine С., Bolorbat Ts., Odsuren D., Zwins N., Lkhundev G., Margad-Erdene G. Khronostratigraficheskie issledovaniya stoyanki Tolbor-4 (Severnaya Mongoliya)[Chronostratigraphic Research at the Tolbor-4 Site (Northern Mongolia)]. Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territorii [The Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories]. 2017. T. 23. Pp. 202–205 [In Russian]. Рыбин Е.П., Хаценович А.М., Гунчинсурэн Б., Пэйн, К., Болорбат Ц., Одсурен Д., Звинс Н., Лхундэв Г., Маргад-Эрдэнэ Г. Хроностратиграфические исследования стоянки Толбор-4 (Северная Монголия) // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. 2017. Т. XXIII. С. 202–205.
Kharevich V.M., Akimova E.V., Stasyuk I.V., Tomilova E.A. Tekhnologiya proizvodstva plastin v kamennoj industrii kul’turnogo sloya 19 stoyanki Listvenka [Blade Production Technology in the Industry of Layer 19 of the Listvenka Site]. Stratum Plus. Cultural Anthropology and Archaeology. 2015. №1. Pp. 321–331 [In Russian]. Харевич В.М., Акимова Е.В., Стасюк И.В., Томилова Е.А. Технология производства пластин в каменной индустрии культурного слоя 19 стоянки Лиственка // Stratum Plus: Культурная антропология и археология. Санкт-Петербург; Кишинев; Одесса; Бухарест. 2015. № 1. С. 321–331.
Kharevich V.M., Khatsenovich A.M., Pavlenok G.D., Rybin E.P. Priznaki ispolzovaniya razlichnykh tipov myagkikh otboinikov (po materialam arkheologicheskoi i ekspermentalnoi kollektsyi iz doliny reki Ikh-Tulbariin-Gol, Severnaya Mongoliya [Attributes of Usage of Different Types of Soft Hammerstones (based upon materials of archaeological and experimental collections from Ikh-Tulbariin Gol river valley, Northern Mongolia)]. Drevniy chelovek i kamen: tekhnologiya, forma, funktsiya [Ancient Human and Stone: Technology, Form, Function). Series “Archaeologica Petropolitanaˮ, Institute of the History of Material Culture RAS. SPb, 2017. Pp. 101–109 [In Russian]. Харевич В.М., Хаценович А.М., Павленок Г.Д., Рыбин Е.П. Признаки использования различных типов мягких отбойников (по материалам археологической и экспериментальной коллекций из долины реки Их-Тулбэрийн-Гол, Северная Монголия) // Древний человек и камень: технология, форма, функция. Сер. “Archaeologica Petropolitana” Институт истории материальной культуры российской академии наук. СПб. : Петербургское востоковедение, 2017. С. 101–109.
Demidenko Y.E., Škrdla P., Rychtaříková T. Initial Upper Paleolithic bladelet production: bladelets in Moravian Bohunician // Recherches Archeologiques, Nouvelle Serie (Krakow, Poland). 2018. In Press.
Faivre J.-Ph. A material anecdote but technical reality: bladelet and small blade production during the recent Middle Paleolithic at Combe-Grenal rock shelter // Lithic Technology. 2012. Vol. 37. P. 5–25.
Inizan M.-L., Reduron-Ballinger M., Roche H., Tixier J. Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone // Nanterre: C.R.E.P. 1999. 191 p.
Soriano S., Villa P., Wadley L. Blade technology and tool forms in the Middle Stone Age of South Africa: the Howiesons Poort and post-Howiesons Poort at Rose Cottage Cave // Journal of Archaeological Science. 2007. Vol. 34. P. 681-703.
Tixier J. Typologie de l’Epipale´olithique du Maghreb // Me´moires du Centre de Recherches anthropologiques et pre´historiques et ethnographiques. AMG, Alger, Paris, 1963. Vol. 2.
Zwyns N., Gladyshev S., Gunchinsuren B., Bolorbat Ts., Flas D., Dogandzic T., Tabarev A., Gillam J.C., Khatsenovich A., McPherron Sh., Odsuren D., Paine C., Purevjal Kh., Stewart J. The open-air site of Tolbor 16 (Northern Mongolia): Preliminary results and perspectives // Quaternary International. 2014. Vol. 347. P. 53–65.