ARCHAEOLOGY OF INDONESIA: THE ISLAND OF BALI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2020)3(31).-14Keywords:
Indonesia, Bali, Island archaeology, Paleolithic, Neolithic, Paleometal, burialsAbstract
Bali is a part of the Lesser Sunda Islands (province of Indonesia) and despite its small size is an illustrative case of a combination of regional features and bright local manifestations, an example of peculiarities of the cultural process on a compact territory (“archaeological micro-World”) and an attractive research lab in the context of “Island Archaeology”. The archaeological data available to date, which precede the spread of Buddhism and Hinduism, indicate the settling of the island of Bali, starting from the Late Pleistocene, and belong to the Paleolithic, Neolithic (4–2,500 BP) and Paleometal (Early Metal Age) (2,5–1,700 BP). The Paleometal epoch is represented by a whole series of funerary, settlement and workshop sites, whose materials illustrate the combination of external cultural influences from the territory of Indochina (Dongshon culture) and India, traditions in burial practices common to the entire of Island Southeast Asia (jar-burials), as well as bright local specifics (local ceramic styles, stone sarcophagi, large bronze drums of the “Moko” type, compact complexes of vertically installed stones, etc.).
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References
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Gumanitarnye issledovaniya v Vostochnoj Sibiri i na Dal’nem Vostoke [Humanities in Eastern Siberia and Far East]. 2020. №.2. Pp. 5–16.
Tabarev A.V., Patrusheva A.E. Neolit ostrovnoj chasti Yugo-Vostochnoj Azii: osobennosti, gipotezy, diskussii [Neolithic of Island Southeast Asia: Peculiarities, hypothesis, and discussions]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Researches]. 2018. №1. Pp. 165–179.
Uolles A.R. Malajskij arhipelag: Strana orangutana i rajskoj pticy. SPb. : Vskhody, 1903. 174 s.
Ardika W.I. Archaeological Research on Northeastern Bali, Indonesia. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Canberra : Australian National University, 1991. 278 p.
Ardika W.I. Bronze Artifacts and the Rise of Complex Society on Bali. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Canberra : Australian National University, 1987. 85 p.
Azis F.A. Situs Gilimanuk (Bali) sebagai pilihan lokasi penguburan pada Awal Masehi. Berkala Arkeologi. 1995. Pp. 43–46.
Bacus E.A. The Timbul Site, Bali, and the Transformations Project: Material Remains and Considerations of Chronology and Typology. Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology. 2013. V. 33. Pp. 1–19.
Bellwood P. First Islanders: Prehistory and Human Migration in Island Southeast Asia. Victoria : Wiley-Blackwell, 2017. 384 p.
Bellwood P. Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago: Revised Edition. Canberra : ANU Press, 1997. 385 p.
Bronson B., Glover I. Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates from Indonesia. Indonesia Circle. 1984. V. 34. Pp. 37–44.
Bulbeck D., Pasqua M., Di Lello A. Culture History of the Toalean of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian Perspectives. 2000. V. 39. Pp. 71–108.
Calo A., Prasetyo B., Bellwood P., Lankton J.W., Gratuze B., Pryce T.O., Reinecke A., Leusch V., Schenk H., Wood R., Bawono R.A., Gede D.K., Yuliati N., Fenner J., Reepmeyer C., Castillo C., Carter A.K. Sembiran and Pacung on the North Coast of Bali: A Strategic Crossroads for Early Trans-Asiatic Exchange. Antiquity. 2015. V. 89. Pp. 378–39.
Covarrubias M. Island of Bali. New York : Knopf, 1937. 417 p.
Fitzpatrick S.M., Rick T., Erlandson J., Recent Progress, Trends, and Developments in Island and Coastal Archaeology. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 2015. N. 1. Pp. 1–25.
van Heekeren H.R. Protohistoric Sarcophagi on Bali. Bulletin of the Archaeological Service of the Republic of Indonesia. 1955. N. 2. Pp. 1–15.
van Heekeren H.R. The Bronze-Iron Age of Indonesia Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. V. 21. 1958. 108 р.
Heine-Geldren R. Un nouveau parallèle entre l’Amerique du sud précolombienne et l’ancienne Asie sudorientale. Miscellanea Paul Rivet. Mexico : Uiversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1958. Pp. 219–226.
Higham C. The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1996. 400 p.
Kempers A.J.B. Monumental Bali: Introduction to Balinese Archaeology and Guide to the Monuments. Singapore : Periplus Editions, 2013. 186 p.
Loofs-Wissowa H. Dongson Drums: Instruments of Shamanism or Regalia? Arts asiatiques. 1991. T. 46. Pp. 39–49.
van Melis D. The Kettledrums of Insular Southeast Asia. Protohistoric Distribution and Localization. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Leiden: Leiden University, 2010. 92 p.
Oka T.I. Sarcophagus dari desa Timbul, Gianyar, Bali. Pertemuan Ilmiah Arkeologi. 1986. V. IV. Pp. 9–101.
Pringle R. A Short History of Bali, Indonesia’s Hindu Realm. Crows Nest : Allen and Unwin, 2004. 266 p.
Soegondho S. The Pottery from Gilimanuk, Bali. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. 1985. V. 6. Pp. 46–54.
Soejono R.P. Indonesia. Asian Perspectives. 1962. V. 6. Pp. 34–43.
Soejono R.P. The History of Prehistoric Research in Indonesia to 1950. Asian Perspectives. 1969. V. XII. Pp. 69–91.
Soejono R.P. Sarkofagus Bali dan Nekropolis Gilimanuk. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Purbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional, 1977. 105 p.
Soejono R.P. The Significance of Excavation at Gilimanuk (Bali). Early South East Asia. New York : Oxford University Press, 1979. Pp. 185–198.
Suastika M.I. The Paleolithic Tool from Bali. Forum Arkeologi. 2000. V. 1. Pp. 46–58.
Suastika M.I. Traces of Human Life Style from the Palaeolithic Era to the Beginning of the First Century AD. Burials, Texts and Rituals. Ethnoarchaeological Investigations in North Bali, Indonesia. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2008. Pp. 159–175.
Sutaba M.I. Newly Discovered Sarcophagi in Bali. Archipel. 1974. V. 7. Pp. 133–138.
Additional Files
Published
2020-09-02
Issue
Section
FOREIGN ARCHAEOLOGY
How to Cite
ARCHAEOLOGY OF INDONESIA: THE ISLAND OF BALI. (2020). THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 31(3), 181-195. https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2020)3(31).-14
