Археологическая культура и структура археологической науки
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(1).-01Ключевые слова:
археологическая культура, теоретическая археология, типологический метод, культурогенез, эпоха первобытностиАннотация
В статье дается определение археологической культуры, предполагается, что оно может стать консенсусным. Существует три основных подхода к выделению археологических культур: типологический, территориально-хронологический и социологический. Каждый в отдельности обладает неустранимыми недостатками. В статье обосновывается необходимость раздельного рассмотрения археологических культур эпохи первобытности и культур раннеклассовых обществ. Предлагается схема, при которой данные подходы становятся последовательными процедурами в рамках аналитической методологии археологии. Описывается фратриальная модель культурогенеза, объясняющая смену археологических культур. В статье предлагается критерий достаточности источников для выделения археологической культуры — проявление системы самоидентификации посредством типологического анализа. Схема также позволяет определить соотношение терминов «технокомплекс», «группа памятников», «археологическая культура» и др. На основе приведенных теоретических построений выстраивается структура археологической науки, состоящей из полевой, камеральной, теоретической и истории первобытного общества. Обосновывается разделение методологической и теоретической отраслей науки.
Несмотря на неоднозначные оценки рецензентов, редколлегия приняла решение опубликовать эту статью с целью возможного продолжения дискуссии. — Прим. ред.
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Библиографические ссылки
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Porshnev B.F. Social Psychology and History. Moscow : Nauka, 1979. 232 p. (In Russ.)
Telegin D. Ya., Nechitailo A. L., Potekhina I. D., Panchenko Yu. V. Srednestog and Novodanilovskaya Cultures of the Eneolithic of the Azov-Chernomorsky Region: Archaeological and Anthropological Analysis of Materials and a Catalog of Sites. Lugansk : Shlyah, 2001. 152 p. (In Russ.)
Tishkin A.A. Foreword. In: History of Altai: in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: The Most Ancient Era, Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta; Belgorod: Konstanta, 2019. Pp. 5–11. (In Russ.)
Fagan Brian M., DeCorse Christopher R. Archaeology. In the Beginning. Moscow : Tehnosfera, 2007. 592 p. (In Russ.)
Faifert A.V. Biosocial Theory of Cultural Genesis in the Era of Primitiveness. Rostov-on Don : Donskoe nasledie, 2019a. 122 p. (In Russ.)
Faifert A. V. Historiography of the Nizhnemikhailovsk culture. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya i politicheskie nauki = Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: History and Political Sciences. 2019b;5:41–53. (In Russ.)
Yudin A.I. The Settlement of Kumysk and the Eneolithic of the Steppe Volga Region. Saratov : Nauchnaja kniga, 2012. 212 p. (In Russ.)
Clarke David L. Analytical Archaeology. London : Methuen, 1968. 704 Pp.
Furholt Martin. “Social Worlds and Communities of Practice: a Polythetic Culture Model for 3rd Millennium BC Europe in the Light of Current Migration Debates”, Préhistoires Méditerranéennes [Online], 8 | 2020. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/pm/2383
Archeology : textbook / edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.L. Yanin. Moscow : Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2006. 608 p. (In Russ.)
Bochkarev V. S. On the Question of the System of Basic Archaeological Concepts. In: Subject and Object of Archaeology and Questions of Methodology of Archaeological Research: Content of Symposium of the Methodological Seminar of the LOIA of the USSR Academy of Sciences. April, 1975. Leningrad : publishing house Nauka, 1975. Pp. 34–42. (In Russ.)
Gorodtsov V.A. Materials of Archaeological Research on the Banks of the Donets River of the Izyumsky District of the Kharkiv Province. In: Proceedings of the XII Archaeological Congress. Moscow : Tovarishchestvo tipografii A.I. Mamontova, 1905. Vol. 1. Pp. 226–340. (In Russ.)
Gorodtsov V.A. Archaeological Classification. In: Nikolsky, Vladimir Kapitonovich. An Outline of Primitive Culture. With Introduction Article by prof. V.A. Gorodtsova. M. ; Petrograd : L.D. Frenkel, 1923. 222 p. (In Russ.)
Gulyaeva N.P. Social Reconstructions in Archaeology: a Problem through the Eyes of a Sociologist. In: Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2006. Is. 2. Pp. 193–215. (In Russ.)
Zakharuk Yu.N. Methodological Problems of Archaeological Science : Abstract of the Dissertation of Doctor Historical Sciences. Moscow, 1981. 30 p. (In Russ.)
Kamenetsky I. S. Archaeological Culture — its Definition and Interpretation. Sovetskaya arheologiya = Soviet Archaeology. 1970;2:18–36. (In Russ.)
Kiyashko A.V. Cultural Genesis in the East of the Catacomb World. Volgograd : Izd-vo Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2002. 268 p. (In Russ.)
Klein L. S. Catacomb Sites of the Bronze Age and Problems of Isolation of Archaeological Cultures. Sovetskaya arheologiya = Soviet Archaeology. 1962;2:26–38. (In Russ.)
Klein L. S. Archaeological Typology. Leningrad : Akademiya nauk SSSR, 1991. 442 p. (In Russ.)
Klein L. S. Culture and Evolution. Theoretical Research. St. Petersburg : Evraziya, 2018. 316 p. (In Russ.)
Kovalev A.A., Erdenebaatar D., Iderkhangai T.O. Discovery of new Culture Sites of the Developed Bronze Age in the South of Mongolia. In: Ancient Cultures of Mongolia and Baikal Siberia. Ulaanbaatar : Izd-vo Mongol’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2012. Pp. 175-182. (In Russ.)
Kupriyanova E.V. On the Issue of Interaction of the Sintashta and Petrovsky Populations in the Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals (on the example of the Sites near the Village of Stepnoye). In: Ethnic Interactions in the Southern Urals. Chelyabinsk : Chyabinskij gosudarstvennyj kraevedcheskij muzej, 2015. Pp. 62–70. (In Russ.)
Latynin B.A. Burial Mounds of the So-called Catacomb Type : Abstract of the Dissertation of Doctor Historical Sciences. Moscow, 1929. 30 p. (In Russ.)
Lebedev G. S. System Description of Archaeological Culture. In: Subject and Object of Archaeology and Questions of Methodology of Archaeological Research: Material of the Symposium of the Methodological Seminar of the LOIA of the USSR Academy of Sciences. April 1975. Leningrad : Nauka, 1975. Pp. 56–58. (In Russ.)
Liberov P. D. Ancient History of the Population of Podonye : abstract dis. ... doctor of Historical Sciences. Moscow, 1971. 30 p. (In Russ.)
Masson V.M. Culture in the Conceptual Apparatus of Archaeology. In: Southern Siberia in the Scythian-Sarmatian epoch. Kemerovo : Kemerovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 1976. Pp. 3–7.
Mimokhod R.A. Lola Culture. Northwestern Caspian at the Turn of the Middle and Late Bronze Age. Moscow : IA RAN, 2013. 568 p. (In Russ.)
Mozhaisky A. Procedural, Post-processual and Modern Western Archaeological Theory in Relation to the Aegean Region: from the Birth of Civilization in the Bronze Age to the Greek Polis. Spisanie Epohi = The Journal Epohi [Epochs]. Vol. 2018;XXV(1):53–62. (In Russ.)
Podolsky M.L. Individual and Typical in Archaeological Culture (the experience of the compositional approach). In: Actual Problems of the Study of Archaic: Materials of the Theoretical Seminar “Theory and Methodology of Archaic” 1996–2012. St. Petersburg : MAE RAN, 2014. Pp. 113–131. (In Russ.)
Popova T.B. Tribes of the Catacomb Culture. Northern Black Sea Region in the Second Millennium BC. Moscow : Goskul’tprosvetizdat, 1955. 180 p. (In Russ.)
Porshnev B.F. Social Psychology and History. Moscow : Nauka, 1979. 232 p. (In Russ.)
Telegin D. Ya., Nechitailo A. L., Potekhina I. D., Panchenko Yu. V. Srednestog and Novodanilovskaya Cultures of the Eneolithic of the Azov-Chernomorsky Region: Archaeological and Anthropological Analysis of Materials and a Catalog of Sites. Lugansk : Shlyah, 2001. 152 p. (In Russ.)
Tishkin A.A. Foreword. In: History of Altai: in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: The Most Ancient Era, Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta; Belgorod: Konstanta, 2019. Pp. 5–11. (In Russ.)
Fagan Brian M., DeCorse Christopher R. Archaeology. In the Beginning. Moscow : Tehnosfera, 2007. 592 p. (In Russ.)
Faifert A.V. Biosocial Theory of Cultural Genesis in the Era of Primitiveness. Rostov-on Don : Donskoe nasledie, 2019a. 122 p. (In Russ.)
Faifert A. V. Historiography of the Nizhnemikhailovsk culture. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya i politicheskie nauki = Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: History and Political Sciences. 2019b;5:41–53. (In Russ.)
Yudin A.I. The Settlement of Kumysk and the Eneolithic of the Steppe Volga Region. Saratov : Nauchnaja kniga, 2012. 212 p. (In Russ.)
Clarke David L. Analytical Archaeology. London : Methuen, 1968. 704 Pp.
Furholt Martin. “Social Worlds and Communities of Practice: a Polythetic Culture Model for 3rd Millennium BC Europe in the Light of Current Migration Debates”, Préhistoires Méditerranéennes [Online], 8 | 2020. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/pm/2383
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Опубликован
2022-04-01
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ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ АРХЕОЛОГИИ
Как цитировать
Археологическая культура и структура археологической науки: . (2022). Теория и практика археологических исследований, 34(1), 9-29. https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(1).-01
